Las investigaciones y desarrollos de Inteligencia Artificial («IA») aplicados a la sanidad han sufrido una aceleración importantísima con la COVID-19. Y es que la IA aplicada a la sanidad (o, mejor dicho, a la «eHealthcare») es una herramienta muy potente y que no podemos dejar pasar. Ahora bien, también entraña unos riesgos para nuestros derechos fundamentales, como la privacidad, la intimidad o la protección de datos.
Un reciente informe de All Party Parliamentary Group on Artificial Intelligence («APPGAI») pone el acento en la importancia de contar con una regulación robusta en materia de uso de datos personales así como la implementación de un organismo de control y supervisión en la materia.
En este sentido, el APPGAI propone la creación de mecanismos que permitan hacer pública información relevante para la investigación y modelos científicos sobre la base de datos personales agregados y anonimizados. También apuesta por centrarse en la sanidad pública.
En el primer caso, las normas deben estar enfocadas en permitir la innovación y desarrollo de la IA aplicada a la sanidad pero sin que ello suponga una merma de los derechos de los ciudadanos. En particular, en el acceso a información pública y los movimientos de datos transfronterizos; y que las regulaciones estén orientadas a la colaboración entre países y disciplinas. En el segundo caso, la implementación de un organismo de control no sólo buscar supervisar que todo se realiza conforme a la regulación sino también que la obtención y uso de los datos aplicados a la IA sea ética y respeta los derechos fundamentales de los individuos implicados en todo momento.
El informe reconoce la importancia de la IA para luchar contra pandemia como la que estamos viendo, por su capacidad para contribuir en cinco aspectos: la contención (a través del control mediante dispositivos móviles); la detección de virus; la identificación de nuevos medicamentos, vacunas y terapias; el cuidado de pacientes («enfermera robot»); y la predicción futura de epidemias (la compañía BlueDot emplea IA para estas tareas).
En la actualidad podemos destacar como aplicaciones más relevantes de la IA a la sanidad soluciones como la predicción estructurada de proteínas conectadas con la COVID-19 que está llevando a cabo DeepMind (de Google) o la creación de un algoritmo que puede predecir la esctructura secundaria de RNA del virus (trabajo que está llevando a cabo la compañía china Baidu).
El APPGAI es un grupo de parlamentarios británicos unidos en torno a la Inteligencia Artificial con independencia del partido político al que pertenecen. Creado en enero de 2017 con el objetivo de explorar el impacto y las implicaciones de la Inteligencia Artificial, en la actualidad, copresidido por Stephen Metcalfe (MP) y Lord Clement-Jones (CBE).
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