La Covid-19 está modificando todo, también la propiedad intelectual. Así el Boletín Oficial del Estado («BOE») publicó el pasado 12 de octubre de 2021 la Ley 14/2021, de 11 de octubre, por la que se modifica el Real Decreto-ley 17/2020, de 5 de mayo, por el que se aprueban medidas de apoyo al sector cultural y de carácter tributario para hacer frente al impacto económico y social del COVID-2019. Dicha norma ha modificado, entre otras, el la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996, de 12 de abril, por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, regularizando, aclarando y armonizando las disposiciones legales vigentes sobre la materia) y la el art. 1 de Ley 10/2007, de 22 de junio, de la lectura, del libro y de las bibliotecas
Las modificaciones de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual («LPI»), afectan a: (i) el derecho de participación (art. 24); (ii) el reparto, pago y prescripción de los derechos (art. 177); (iii) la función social y el desarrollo de la oferta digital legal; (iv) la Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual, su composición y funciones (art. 193); y (v) la función de salvaguarda de los derechos en el entorno digital.
Entrando ya en el detalle de los artículos, destaca lo siguiente:
ARTÍCULO 24 (apartados 10,11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18 y 19) LPI
El cambio más relevante en relación al derecho de participación es el que comporta el levantamiento de la obligación de legitimación para las entidades de gestión que han de hacer efectivo este derecho. La redacción anterior lo exigía (remitiéndose al art. 150) y ahora simplemente se asume que podrán concurrir más de una entidad en la gestión de los derechos, eso sí, exigiendo que todas ellas actúen como un todo frente a los deudores para que estos últimos no sufran los costes de coordinación y negociación entre ellas.
Otra modificación relevante es la que atañe la reducción del plazo máximo para liquidar importes recaudados al titular de derechos, que pasa de 1 año a una formula más flexible y diligente («de forma periódica, con diligencia y exactitud, lo antes posible-art. 177[1]-)) y, en cualquier caso, en un plazo máximo de nueve meses desde el 1 de enero del año siguiente al de su recaudación
También se elimina la necesidad de que la entidad cuente con un acuerdo de cesión del titular, obligándose frente a este notificarle los pagos que hayan recibido por sus derechos en todo caso. En general todas las modificaciones del art. 24 en este sentido buscan homogeneizar y empoderar a las entidades de gestión, eliminando al «titular de un derecho derecho de participación» del texto.
ARTÍCULO 177(6) LPI
La modificación más relevante consiste en la eliminación de la prescripción adquisitiva que jugaba en favor delas entidades de gestión respecto de las cantidades recaudadas y no reclamadas por su titular. Conforme a los apartados 4º y 5º del artículo, la acción para reclamar cantidades a las entidades prescribe, en s´íntesis, a los 5 años.
Las cantidades recaudadas y no reclamadas por su titular en esos cinco años deben de ser destinadas por la entidad de gestión de derechos, íntegramente, a (i) la realización de actividades asistenciales a favor de los miembros de la entidad y/o actividades de formación y promoción de autores y artistas intérpretes y ejecutantes; (ii) la promoción de la oferta digital legal de las obras y prestaciones protegidas cuyos derechos gestionan; y (iii) al acrecimiento proporcional del reparto a favor del resto de obras y prestaciones protegidas que sí fueron debidamente identificadas en el proceso de reparto de donde provienen dichas cantidades.
Para clarificar la gestión de estas cantidades, la nueva redacción de la ley introduce un último párrafo en relación con las tres finalidades anteriores en el que aclara que en ninguno de esos tres casos se entenderá que la prescripción de las cantidades recaudadas, no reclamadas y afectas a dichas finalidades es para la entidad de gestión, ni se puede considerar un ingreso propio de las entidades.
ARTÍCULO 178(2) LPI
El art. 178 LPI, en línea con el anterior también exige a las entidades de gestión que destinen parte de la recaudación a fines sociales, tales como (i) la promoción de actividades o servicios de carácter asistencial en beneficio de sus miembros; y (ii) la realización de actividades de formación y promoción de autores y artistas, intérpretes y ejecutantes. Aquí el dinero a emplear es el proveniente de la copia privada (art. 25).
La modificación de la Ley vuelve a incidir en que las anteriores cantidades y su fines en ningún caso constituyen un ingreso propio de las las entidades y dichas cantidades se entienden automáticamente asignadas y afectas a tales actividades y servicios.
ART. 193(4) LPI
Este art´ículo versa sobre la composición se la Sección Segunda de la Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual. La modificación busca dar más claridad y transparencia a la composición y la designación de sus integrantes. Por un lado se especifica que dicha Comisión depende del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte o, por delegación, del Director General de Industrias Culturales, Propiedad Intelectual y Cooperación.
También acometer una reducción de los seis vocales que hasta ahora la componían (dos provenientes-o propuestos-del Ministerio del Cultura y Deporte, dos del Ministerio de Economía, uno del Ministerio de Justicia y uno del Ministerio de la Presidencia). Ahora el número es de cuatro en total y todos proceden del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, dentro de los cuales, dos son del ámbito de la propiedad intelectual; uno del ámbito de las tecnologías de la información; y uno del ámbito de la Secretaría General Técnica.
ART. 195 (VARIAS MODIFICACIONES)
1º.- Se modifica el apartado segundo: se añade la posibilidad de que la Sección Segunda de la Comisión de Propiedad Intelectual pueda dirigir el procedimiento para la salvaguarda de los derechos de propiedad intelectual en el entorno online contra los prestadores de servicios de la sociedad de la información de difusión de televisión por protocolo de Internet (IPTV) que vulneren derechos de autor así como aquellos prestadores que faciliten el la ilusión de las medidas de seguridad online o que fabriquen, importen, distribuyan, vendan, alquilen, publiciten para la venta o el alquiler o posean con fines comerciales cualquier dispositivo, producto o componente en este sentido (art. 196 LPI).
2º.- Se deroga el quinto y último párrafo del apartado 4 del artículo 195 y se introduce un nuevo apartado 5 en dicho artículo 195 LPI que en síntesis establece un procedimiento más reforzado de lo que se conoce como los «protocolos de identificación y retirada de contenidos infractores de la propiedad intelectual» (notice and take down procedure).
3º.- Se modifica el apartado 6 del artículo 195, que pasa a ser apartado 7 sin más modificación del texto.
Por último, la Ley 14/2021 de 11 de octubre ha modificado el artículo 1 de la Ley 10/2007, de 22 de junio, de la lectura, del libro y de las bibliotecas añadiendo dos apartados nuevos (4º y 5º) que básicamente incorporan la naturaleza de bien de primera necesidad del libro (comprometiéndoselo los poderes públicos a organizar campañas e fomento de la lectura y fortalecimiento del sistema bibliotecario), así como considerando a la cultura a todos los efectos como bien básico y de primera necesidad.
Fuente: Blog Cuatrecasas
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