La semana pasada el Consejo de Ministros aprobó el Anteproyecto de Ley por el que se reforma la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal con motivo de la necesidad de transponer tres Directivas europeas, entre las cuales destaca ahora la Directiva (UE) 2019/713, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 17 de abril, sobre la lucha contra el fraude y la falsificación de medios de pago distintos del efectivo y por la que se sustituye la Decisión Marco 2001/413/JAI del Consejo.
Las otras dos directivas son: la Directiva 2014/57/UE, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 16 de abril de 2014, sobre las sanciones penales aplicables al abuso de mercado (Directiva sobre abuso de mercado) y la Directiva (UE) 2019/884, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 17 de abril de 2019, por la que se modifica la Decisión Marco 2009/315/JAI del Consejo en lo que respecta al intercambio de información sobre nacionales de terceros países y al Sistema Europeo de Información de Antecedentes Penales (ECRIS) y por la que se sustituye la Decisión 2009/316/JAI del Consejo.
En síntesis las Directivas buscan implementar regulación en materia en materia de lucha contra el fraude y la falsificación de medios de pago distintos del efectivo, así como el establecimiento de penas aplicable al abuso de mercado en el contexto de las nuevas formas de delincuencia. Por la información publicada en el Consejo de Ministros el pasado 8 de noviembre de 2021, la Directiva (UE) 2019/713 tiene como objetivo luchar contra la ciberdelincuencia, especialmente la que se refiere al fraude digital, y sancionar el uso fraudulento de nuevos medios de pago, en concreto, aquellos que tienen carácter digital, cuyo uso se ha ido generalizando con el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías.
Entre los nuevos medios de pago se incluyen el uso de las aplicaciones de pago a través del teléfono móvil o el uso de las monedas virtuales. Estos nuevos medios de pago ofrecen nuevas oportunidades para el fraude, lo que obliga a actualizar la regulación de algunos delitos, concretamente los que están relacionados con la estafa y las falsificaciones. Para ello se modifican los artículos 248 y 399 bis del Código Penal para garantizar la seguridad de esta economía digital y el correcto uso de los medios de pago más actuales.
La Directiva 2014/57 (UE) tiene como objeto luchar contra la corrupción económica, especialmente contra las prácticas contrarias a la competencia. Entre otras, castiga el abuso de mercado que se produce mediante el uso de información privilegiada, lo que se conoce como «insider trading», una práctica que atenta contra la transparencia y la seguridad de los mercados financieros. El artículo afectado es el 285 del Código Penal.
Finalmente, la Directiva (UE) 2019/884 avanza en la interoperabilidad de bases de datos con otros países de la UE, particularmente en lo que se refiere a los registros de antecedentes penales, con el objetivo de promover y agilizar la cooperación jurídica entre los países en la lucha contra la delincuencia, al tiempo que se contribuye a la construcción de un espacio común de libertad, seguridad y justicia en el seno de la UE.
La Directiva facilita el intercambio entre las autoridades de los Estados de información extractada de los registros de antecedentes penales, como una forma de luchar de manera efectiva contra la delincuencia organizada y el terrorismo. La trasposición de la Directiva implica la reforma de la ley que actualmente regula el intercambio de información de antecedentes penales en la Unión Europea, que afectan a la regulación del Sistema Europeo de Información de Antecedentes Penales (ECRIS).
Fuente: ITUSER
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